Cystic renal cell carcinoma (CRCC) is a rare type of kidney cancer that typically affects individuals in the last stages of acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD). This type of renal cell carcinoma is characterized by fluid-filled masses known as cysts within the kidneys. Most people with CRCC do not exhibit any symptoms, making it a challenging condition to diagnose without imaging scans.
While CRCC is often asymptomatic, some individuals may experience symptoms such as blood in the urine, kidney pain, or an abdominal mass. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most prevalent form of kidney cancer, with clear cell RCC being the most common subtype. Other types of RCC include non-clear cell RCC, papillary RCC, chromophobe RCC, unclassified RCC, and other rare subtypes.
Healthcare professionals typically diagnose CRCC using imaging scans such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI scans. Biopsies may also be performed to analyze tissue samples for cancer cells. Individuals with a history of dialysis treatment for over 10 years are often recommended to undergo regular screenings for cysts to detect CRCC early.
The development of CRCC from ACKD is not yet fully understood, but individuals undergoing long-term dialysis treatment for ACKD are at a higher risk of developing CRCC. Risk factors for ACKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) include conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, polycystic kidney disease, and Fabry disease.
The primary treatment for CRCC is nephrectomy, which involves removing part or all of the affected kidney. Surgeons may opt for nephron-sparing surgery to preserve kidney function while addressing the tumor. While survival rates for CRCC are not well-documented, successful nephrectomy is generally associated with a positive outlook for individuals with CRCC. Follow-up checks every 6 months for 3 years and annual checks thereafter may be recommended by healthcare professionals.
Cystic renal cell carcinoma presents unique challenges due to its asymptomatic nature and association with ACKD. Regular screenings for individuals at risk and prompt diagnosis through imaging scans are crucial in managing this rare form of kidney cancer. With advancements in treatment and ongoing research, the outlook for individuals with CRCC continues to improve, emphasizing the importance of early detection and comprehensive care.
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